• Medical Effects: While labeled "less-lethal," these weapons can cause serious injury, long-term health issues, or death if misused, including skin burns, respiratory distress, and internal injury due to pressure waves.

• Psychological Impact: The use of such weapons can create significant fear, panic, and lasting psychological trauma among civilians.

(United States Library of Congress. (2026). Directed energy and non-lethal weapons resources. Content summarized with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on information extracted with the United States Library of Congress).