TBD

TBD

• Medical Effects: While labeled "less-lethal," these weapons can cause serious injury, long-term health issues, or death if misused, including skin burns, respiratory distress, and internal injury due to pressure waves.

• Psychological Impact: The use of such weapons can create significant fear, panic, and lasting psychological trauma among civilians.

(United States Library of Congress. (2026). Directed energy and non-lethal weapons resources. Content summarized with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on information extracted with the United States Library of Congress).

“The weaponization of laws to destroy the rule of law that supports the people of a free nation,” (Flynn and Cutler, 2022).

“May involve the law of a nation turned against its own officials in the form of … as “Kangaroo Courts” to silence the opposition. Repressive regimes use the lawfare aspect or hybrid warfare to deny people their rights. This is especially seen in election fraud. The repressive regime changes laws that make fraud easier but claim it is done to make voting fairer. By doing so, the shadowy government develops ways to install selected … candidates who support their agenda with the appearance of a free and fair election. In 5GW, lawfare is the weaponization of laws to destroy the rule of law that supports the people of a free nation. Then it replaces it with favoritism that supports the advancement of globalization,” (Flynn and Cutler, 2022).

(Flynn, M. (Ret.), & Cutler, B. (2022). Introduction to 5GW: The citizen's guide to fifth generation warfare. Boone Cutler Media Enterprise, LLC).

Technology with capability to discern “… deceptive intentions in real life scenarios,” Nemesysco (2019).

“Nemesysco’s technology was originally invented in 1997 by Amir Liberman, and is being developed ever since in consultation with experts from different relevant fields (psychology, criminology, phonetics, psychiatry, mathematics and others).

The technology is based on a proprietary set of vocal parameters found through research to correlate with key human emotions, and in various combinations to be able to identify deceptive intentions in “real life” scenarios. These vocal parameters were identified from a bank of audio files taken in different languages and a numerous settings, including police interrogations, call centers and controlled experiments.

Many of the parameters Nemesysco’s technology uses are new to the world of phonetics, and focus on the uncontrolled and yet phonetically unexplained properties of the human voice,” (Nemesysco, 2019).

TBD

“Neural interfaces are bioelectronic devices capable of stimulating a population of neurons or nerve fascicles and recording electrical signals in a specific area,” (Redolfi and Micera, 2021).

Redolfi Riva E, Micera S. Progress and challenges of implantable neural interfaces based on nature-derived materials. Bioelectron Med. 2021 Apr 27;7(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s42234-021-00067-7. PMID: 33902750; PMCID: PMC8077843.

Refers to the accessing, monitoring, or alteration of an individual's neural activity by external devices (Council of Europe, Committee on Bioethics - DH-BIO).

Capable of multiple forms, neuroweapons can be biological, chemical, and directed energy weapons. “The effects can be latent, durable, highly disruptive and attribution is difficult. They are not “weapons of mass destruction,” but they have the potential to disrupt everything from individual cells in a body, to societies and geopolitics,” (Giodano, as cited in Magnusonin, 2018).

The bioethics field that addresses challenges resulting from the development of the neurosciences. This is crucial as, “it involves the brain, the organ responsible for our perceptions, our thoughts, and our conscience; and its knowledge and/or manipulation entail the most genuine and nontransferable aspects of the human being,” (Rabadan, 2015). (Rabadán AT. Neuroethics scope at a glance. Surg Neurol Int. 2015 Dec 7;6:183. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.171249. PMID: 26677417; PMCID: PMC4681131.)

A therapeutic intervention which utilizes brain computer interface (BCI) technology to train individuals to regulate their brain activity. A sensor monitors brainwave activity in real time, and a decoder interprets the data. This information is transmitted back to the individual through an effector, prompting them to modify specific patterns. By a feedback driven process, which utilizes both behavioral modification and learning, the individual learns to self-regulate their brain functioning and central nervous system (ISNR, 2025).

Intersection of law and neuroscience (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; Committee on Science, Technology, and Law; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy, 2018).

Brain imaging includes noninvasive techniques that enable visualization and measurement of the brain’s structure and function without physical incision and includes MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging),
fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Computed Tomography (CT), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan. (Lenartowicz, A., & Poldrack, R. A. (2010). (Introduction to brain imaging in neuroscience. In Encyclopedia of behavioral neuroscience (pp. 187–193). ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com).

Brainjacking Unauthorized control of brain implants. The most common type of brain implant is the deep brain stimulation (DBS) system. Consisting of implanted electrodes positioned … inside the brain connected to wires running under the skin, which carry signals from an implanted stimulator. The stimulator consists of a battery, a small processor, and a wireless communication antenna that allows doctors to program it… it functions much like a cardiac pacemaker, … the main distinction being that it directly interfaces with the brain. Precision control of brain regions together with wireless control of stimulators allows nefarious actors to potentially manipulate behavioral changes. (Pycroft, L. (2016). Brainjacking – A new cyber-security threat. The Conversation. University of Oxford research).

TBD

“The ethical, legal, social, or natural principles of freedom or entitlement related to a person’s cerebral and mental domain; … the fundamental normative rules for the protection and preservation of the human brain and mind,” (Ienca, 2021). (Ienca, 2021. On Neurorights. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 15:701258. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.701258).

Neurorights are the, “… ethical, legal, social, or natural principles of freedom or entitlement related to a person’s cerebral and mental domain; … the fundamental normative rules for the protection and preservation of the human brain and mind,” (IencaM.AndornoR. (2017b). (Towards new human rights in the age of neuroscience and neurotechnology.Life Sci. Soc. Pol.13:5)..

Is the study of the human nervous system which includes neuroanatomy, neurobiology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology, and its applications in other disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, and psychology (American Psychological Association, 2018).